Loki: Bound and Determined

Laeviss is running a reprint of something that previously appeared on my other blog:

Thirty spokes share the wheel’s hub;
It is the center hole that makes it useful.
Shape clay into a vessel;
It is the space within that makes it useful.
Cut doors and windows for a room;
It is the holes which make it useful.
Therefore benefit comes from what is there;
Usefulness from what is not there.
(Tao 11, from Tao Te Ching)


We know Loki as a shapeshifter, a magic-worker, the bench-mate and brother of Odin, chief of the Aesir. But Loki was seen as so powerful that he frightened the Aesir, and they bound him on an island off the coast of Europe. What about Loki was so powerful that it had to be contained, and how was it so confined?
Why the stones? Why the holes? Why the bowl? Why the snake venom?
Snorri gives us one description of the binding of Loki. According to Snorri, after the Aesir got hold of Loki, they took three flat stones, set them on edge, and drilled a hole through each of them. They then fastened Loki to these three stones. He was bound with iron bonds across his shoulders, his loins and his knees, making him damn near immoveable, unless one had the key.
What exactly are these stones? This type of standing stone can still be found today in parts of northern Europe, and smaller versions of it are worn as amulets. One stands today in Cornwall, and is known as the Men-an-Tol, the Holey Stone. And one, unfortunately, from the Orkney Islands has been lost to us. This stone, which has been long destroyed, and the smaller amulets like it which are still worn today, are known as Odin Stones.
The purpose of these stones, as recounted in the lore which surrounds them, was to witness the swearing of oaths. Lovers would plight their troth on the Odin Stone, and any oath sworn thereon was accounted unbreakable, and anyone forsworn would suffer dire consequences, and be considered infamous and excluded from society.
“It is the holes which make it useful.” The Odin stones would not be able to be used to bind Loki were the holes not present.
Why the snake venom? Snorri claims that Skadi hung a venomous serpent over Loki’s head, so that the venom would drip onto his face. Now, Loki is no stranger to snakes, in fact, they are part of his family. They have been a part of Goddess-worshipping people’s households for millennia. But this snake is a venomous snake. Venom is an interesting word. It comes from the same root as the word Venus, the Love Goddess and Roman equivalent of Freyja, and originally meant a love potion, not a poison. Gives new meaning to the phrase “in your face.” The root “van” meant “wish, desire, gain.” And in modern German, the word venom signifies a “gift.”
Why the bowl? “It is the space within that makes it useful.” Cauldrons and bowls are transformative vessels. They are symbols of the womb of the Mother Goddess, and the creation of all works of magic, whether of the flesh or of the spirit. Loki’s wife, Sigyn, patiently sits, holding the bowl over Loki’s face so that the painful venom will not fall on him. She is the Keeper of the Bowl. But she must make periodic trips to empty the bowl, and when she is not there, the venom does fall. Snorri says the writhing that Loki engages in during this time is the cause of earthquakes.
So what was it about Loki that the Aesir felt they had to confine by not just one, but three solemn, binding oaths? What was his magic, and why was it so powerful that it frightened such mighty Gods?
It is said that the Dwarves made a jewel for Freyja that far surpassed the beauty of any other, and that Odin coveted this jewel, and ordered Loki to get it for him.
There is your key.
-Laeviss
websites for reference: (Odin Stone) www.orkneyjar.com (Snorri’s Prose Edda) www.sacred-texts.com